Intros, turn arounds and endings

1. When beginning a song, it sometimes helps to use an intro based on the last two or four measures of the tune. This is useful when people are singing along cuz it helps them to get started.


2. use I VI7 ii7 V7 vamp

3. use C C#dim D7 G7 I #Idim II7 V7

4. use iii7 biii7 ii7 bII7 I Em7 Ebm7 Dm7 Db9 C

5. Use I Iim7 ii7 V7#5 I C Cdim7 Dm7 G7#5


Of course, the specific choice of intro depends on the rhythm and tempo of the tune and the mood you want to create. With a slow ballad, often a simple arp on the dom 7th chord (V7 chord) perhaps in the augmented #5 form can effective set up the entrance of the melody.

G7+5 Cmaj7

G B D# G B D# G B G



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Turn around

When you finish playing a song and you intend to repeat it, you want to avoid a sense of finality, so you have to keep playig after you reach the last melody note and chord.

It's acceptable to just vamp on the final chord of the tune for a measure or two, keeping the rhythm going, but it's better to use other lead in chords as we did for intros.

If the song begins on the I chord, we could throw in a quick V7 or ii V7 progression to create the sense of starting over.

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If the tune begins on a chord other than I, a chord or progression which will lead back to that opening chord can similarily be used.

For instance, if our song opens on the ii chord..... Body and Soul, Satin doll,

a dom 7th on VI which is a V of ii chord can serve as the pivot.

VI7 -> ii7

which is really

V7 --> I (implied)

for eg. Bb7 Eb6 C7b9 Fm7 (beginning)


C7b9 is VI7 to ii 7
or V to I (implied)


Another way which is easier:
a dim chord a semintone below to lead into the min ii chord.

Bb7 Eb6 Edim7 to Fm7
#Idim7 to ii7